A draft initiated at the XVth International Conference of The Red Cross in Tokyo, Japan, in October 1934 proposing the protection of “enemy civilians”. This was a response to the ill-treatment of civilians during World War 1, also a measure to protect civilians and prisoners of war in upcoming conflicts. Unfortunately, by the time the draft was to be discussed and made into law in 1940, World War 2 broke out. The consequences were grave, as history told us. The Tokyo Draft provided the basis for the Geneva Convention of 1949.